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For example, the SHA-256 of this word BUTTERFLY (origin ) is 8c62ace4f9ef8ccd08ca6fb992a8524bb7dbdc0530654bd254c9da07a660949a (HASH). This seemingly random string of letters and numbers contains three important properties:

Bitcoin mining involves three variables: the block, the mining issue and a random number. Heres how it all comes together:

Imagine our cube consists of the word BUTTERFLY discussed earlier. In reality, the block would contain a list of recent, unverified transactions, but lets keep it simple. In order for the block to be solved, bitcoin uses a simple test: If the HASH result of the block starts with a certain number of zeros, then the block is considered verified.

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For our example, lets say that we've a mining problem of just two, ie, our HASH must begin with two zeros. .

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The problem: BUTTERFLY will return the same HASH, and it doesnt begin with two zeros. Thus what we need is the third factor, a random number (known as a NONCE). We carry this number, combine it with BUTTERFLY, and HASH again. If it doesnt begin with two zeros, we change the number and try again, and because changing one small number changes the whole HASH result, there is no way to forecast the number well need to solve this! .

We repeat this process over and over until we find a number that, when combined with BUTTERFLY, provides us a HASH that begins with two zeros. That number is the solution to the block. Here are some tries:

This arduous procedure of randomly trying to find a number that gives the solution is the thing that creates bitcoin mining such a computationally expensive procedure, and as more miners join the network, the tougher it gets. At November 2017, a normal home computer working alone, ie, not an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) and not part of a cloud mining network, would require 2.7 million years into mine one block. .

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This has led to the rise of ASIC computers constructed particularly for mining and to an increase in cloud mining.

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CPU mining. In the early days of bitcoin, mining difficulty was reduced and not a great deal of miners were competing for blocks and rewards. This made it worthwhile to utilize your computers own central processing unit (CPU) to mine bitcoin. However, that strategy was soon replaced by GPU mining.

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GPU mining. An graphics processing unit (GPU) is a powerful processor whose sole purpose is to help your computers graphics card in rendering 3D graphics. GPUs are not constructed for executive decisions (such as CPUs) but to be somewhat good labourers, hence GPUs can execute over 800 times more instructions in precisely the exact same amount of time as a CPU.

FPGA mining. Next came mining with field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). These significantly outperformed GPUs and CPUs in the mining procedure as FPGAs are processors which can be programmed to execute certain instructions and only those instructions (instead of being repurposed for mining, such as GPUs were).

ASIC mining. Similar to FPGAs, application-specific integrated circuits are chips designed for a specific function, in our situation mining bitcoin, and nothing else. ASICs for bitcoin were introduced in 2013 and, as of November 2017, they are the best processors out there for mining bitcoin and they outperform FPGAs in power consumption. .

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Mining pools. To cancel the difficulty of mining a block, miners started organising in pools or cloud mining networks. Whenever a miner click site in one of those pools solves a block, the payoff is shared with everyone in the pool in a ratio representative of how much work you put into the swimming pool (even though you personally never solved the mystery ). .

Cloud mining. Clouds provide prospective miners the capability to purchase mining rigs in a remote data centre location. There are many obvious advantages, the most obvious being: no energy costs, no extra heat and nothing to sell when you opt to hang up your virtual pickaxe.

Once miners get bitcoin, they are given a digital key to the bitcoin addresses. You can use this electronic key to gain access and validate or approve transactions.

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Desktop pockets. Software like Bitcoin Core lets you send and store bitcoin addresses and connects to the network to monitor transactions.

Online wallets. Bitcoin keys are saved online by exchange programs such as Coinbase or Circle and can be retrieved from anywhere.

Mobile wallets. Programs like description Blockchain shop and encrypt your own bitcoin keys so you can make payments using your mobile device.

Paper wallets. Some websites offer paper wallet services, generating a bit of paper using two QR codes on it. One code is your public address where you get bitcoin and the other one is the personal address you can use for spending.

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